Notes on building




      1)      Horizontal formwork is called centering and vertical is called shuttering.

      2)      In slabs bars parallel to the shorter span are main bars. They are laid below distribution bars.

      3)      In slabs bars parallel to longer span are called distribution bars. They are laid above main bars.

      4)      In the slabs bar is cranked at one side then the bar is straight at the other side in slabs.

      5)      At the corner of each slab what happens is that the crank and the straight bars from both the sides merge at the point and make a mesh like formation of rebars. 

      6)     The thumb rule is rebar size in slab should not be greater than 1/8 th of the depth of slab and the minimum diameter for slab rebar is 8mm.

      7)      In discontinuous end bars are bent U-turn after providing upto end of slab and extended upto (L/4) length from the face of the beam where L is the span of the slab on the direction of the rebar. For continuous end the rebar is extended to adjacent slab up to length (L/4) where L is the length of adjacent slab in direction of rebar.


      8)      The rebar of slab is cranked at the length (L/4) at 45 degrees where L is the span of slab on the direction of rebar.

      9)      The minimum size of rebar used in column is 12mm and minimum area of steel is 0.8% and maximum is 6% but practically 4%.

     10)   The minimum size of longitudinal rebars used in beams is 10 mm and normally 10-16mm size are used.  

      11)   The minimum stirrups size to be used is 8mm and maximum of 10mm.

      12)   The main bars in slabs shall not be less then 8mm (HYSD) or 10mm plain bars and distribution bars shall not be less then 8mm.

      13)   Maximum spacing of main bar is restricted to 3 times effective depth or 300 mm whichever is less.

      14)   Maximum spacing of distribution bar is restricted to 5 times effective depth or 450 mm whichever is less.

      15)   For a UDL applied in beam the total point load will be Load(KN/m) * Length of UDL which will act at the centroid of the beam.                     

      16)   Minimum thickness of slab is 125mm

      17)   Lap slices shall not be used for bars larger than 36mm.

      18)   In steel reinforcement binding wire required is 8kg per MT.

      19)   Free fall of concrete is allowed to maximum of 1.5m to prevent from segregation.

      20)   Maximum spacing of chairs is 1m or 1nos. per sq.m.

      21)   Ph value of water used in concrete and curing shall not be less than 6.

      22)   Compressive strength of bricks should be 3.5N/mm2.

      23)   Cuing time for Ordinary Portland Cement is 10 days.


       24)   Slumps according to IS 456.

·         Lightly reinforced = 25-75 mm.

·         Heavily reinforced = 75-100 mm.

·         Trench fill = 100-150 mm.


      25)   Tolerance in: -                                                                                  

·         Formwork: -                                                                            (according to IS 14687)

In C/S of beams and column deviation = +12mm more size and -6mm less size

In footing plan = +50mm more size and -12mm less size

In footing depth = +- 0.05D (Specified thickness)

·         Reinforcement: -

For effective depth <=200mm = +-10 mm

For effective depth >200mm    = +-15 mm

For cover to reinforcement = +10mm

        26)   Cover to main reinforcement: -

Column = 40 mm

Beam = 25 mm

Slab = 15 mm or not less that dia. of bar.

Footing = 50 mm

Sunshade = 25 mm

 

 

                                                             Prepared By: - Er. Biplov Sapkota

 

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